Warning

This section contains snippets that were automatically translated from C++ to Python and may contain errors.

Blocking Receiver#

Shows how to use the synchronous API of QSerialPort in a non-GUI thread.

Blocking Receiver shows how to create an application for a serial interface using QSerialPort ‘s synchronous API in a non-GUI thread.

../_images/blockingreceiver-example.png

QSerialPort supports two general programming approaches:

  • The asynchronous (non-blocking) approach. Operations are scheduled and performed when the control returns to Qt’s event loop. QSerialPort emits a signal when the operation is finished. For example, QSerialPort::write() returns immediately. When the data is sent to the serial port, QSerialPort emits bytesWritten().

  • The synchronous (blocking) approach. In non-GUI and multithreaded applications, the waitFor...() functions can be called (i.e. waitForReadyRead() ) to suspend the calling thread until the operation has completed.

In this example, the synchronous approach is demonstrated. The Terminal example illustrates the asynchronous approach.

The purpose of this example is to demonstrate a pattern that you can use to simplify your serial programming code, without losing responsiveness in your user interface. Use of Qt’s blocking serial programming API often leads to simpler code, but because of its blocking behavior, it should only be used in non-GUI threads to prevent the user interface from freezing. But contrary to what many think, using threads with QThread does not necessarily add unmanageable complexity to your application.

This application is a Receiver, that demonstrate the work paired with the sender application Blocking Sender example .

The Receiver application receives the request via serial port from the Sender application and send a response to it.

We will start with the ReceiverThread class, which handles the serial programming code.

class ReceiverThread(QThread):

    Q_OBJECT
# public
    ReceiverThread = explicit(QObject parent = None)
    ~ReceiverThread()
    def startReceiver(portName, waitTimeout, response):
# signals
    def request(s):
    def error(s):
    def timeout(s):
# private
    def run():
    m_portName = QString()
    m_response = QString()
    m_waitTimeout = 0
    m_mutex = QMutex()
    m_quit = False

ReceiverThread is a QThread subclass that provides an API for receive requests from Sender, and it has signals for delivering responses and reporting errors.

You should call startReceiver() to startup Receiver application. This method transfers to the ReceiverThread desired parameters for configure and startup the serial interface. When ReceiverThread received from Sender any request then emitted the request() signal. If any error occurs, the error() or timeout() signals is emitted.

It’s important to notice that startReceiver() is called from the main, GUI thread, but the response data and other parameters will be accessed from ReceiverThread’s thread. ReceiverThread’s data members are read and written from different threads concurrently, so it is advisable to use QMutex to synchronize access.

def startReceiver(self, portName, waitTimeout, response):

    locker = QMutexLocker(m_mutex)
    m_portName = portName
    m_waitTimeout = waitTimeout
    m_response = response
    if not isRunning():
        start()

The startReceiver() function stores the serial port name, timeout and response data, and QMutexLocker locks the mutex to protect these data. We then start the thread, unless it is already running. QWaitCondition::wakeOne() will be discussed later.

def run(self):

    currentPortNameChanged = False
    m_mutex.lock()
currentPortName = QString()
if currentPortName != m_portName:
    currentPortName = m_portName
    currentPortNameChanged = True

currentWaitTimeout = m_waitTimeout
currentRespone = m_response
m_mutex.unlock()

In the run() function, start by acquiring the mutex lock, fetch the serial port name, timeout and response data from the member data, and then release the lock again. Under no circumstance should the method startReceiver() be called simultaneously with a process fetching these data. QString is reentrant but not thread-safe, and it is not recommended to read the serial port name from one startup, call and timeout or response data of another. ReceiverThread can only handle one startup at a time.

The QSerialPort object we construct on stack into run() function before loop enter:

serial = QSerialPort()
while not m_quit:

This allows us once to create an object, while running loop, and also means that all the methods of the object will be executed in the context of the run() thread.

In the loop, check whether the name of the serial port for the current startup has changed or not. If it has, re-open and reconfigure the serial port.

if currentPortNameChanged:
    serial.close()
    serial.setPortName(currentPortName)
    if not serial.open(QIODevice.ReadWrite):
        error.emit(tr("Can't open %1, error code %2")
                   .arg(m_portName).arg(serial.error()))
        return


if serial.waitForReadyRead(currentWaitTimeout):

The loop will continue waiting for request data:

# read request
requestData = serial.readAll()
while serial.waitForReadyRead(10):
    requestData += serial.readAll()

Warning

The method waitForReadyRead() should be used before each read() call for the blocking approach, because it processes all the I/O routines instead of Qt event-loop.

The timeout() signal is emitted if an error occurs when reading data.

else:
    timeout.emit(tr("Wait read request timeout %1")
                 .arg(QTime.currentTime().toString()))

After a successful read, try to send a response and wait for completion of the transfer:

# write response
responseData = currentRespone.toUtf8()
serial.write(responseData)
if serial.waitForBytesWritten(m_waitTimeout):
    request = QString.fromUtf8(requestData)
    self.request.emit(request)

Warning

The method waitForBytesWritten() should be used after each write() call for the blocking approach, because it processes all the I/O routines instead of Qt event-loop.

The timeout() signal is emitted if an error occurs when writing data.

else:
    timeout.emit(tr("Wait write response timeout %1")
                 .arg(QTime.currentTime().toString()))

After a successful writing is emitted, request() signal containing the data received from the Sender application:

self.request.emit(request)

Next, the thread switches to reading the current parameters for the serial interface, because they can already have been updated, and run the loop from the beginning.

m_mutex.lock()
if currentPortName != m_portName:
    currentPortName = m_portName
    currentPortNameChanged = True
else:
    currentPortNameChanged = False

currentWaitTimeout = m_waitTimeout
currentRespone = m_response
m_mutex.unlock()

Running the Example#

To run the example from Qt Creator, open the Welcome mode and select the example from Examples. For more information, visit Building and Running an Example.

Example project @ code.qt.io