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Qt SCXML Media Player QML Example (C++ Data Model)

Sends data to and receives it from a C++ data model.

Media Player QML Example (C++ Data Model) demonstrates how to access data from a C++ data model. The data model enables writing C++ code for expr attributes and <script> elements. The data part of the data model is backed by a subclass of QScxmlCppDataModel, for which the Qt SCXML compiler (qscxmlc) generates the dispatch methods.

The UI is created using Qt Quick.

Running the Example

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Using the C++ Data Model

We specify the data model as a value of the datamodel attribute of the <scxml> element in the SCXML file:

<scxml
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/07/scxml"
    version="1.0"
    name="MediaPlayerStateMachine"
    initial="stopped"
    datamodel="cplusplus:TheDataModel:thedatamodel.h"

The format of the datamodel attribute is: cplusplus:<class-name>:<classdef-header>. Therefore, we need a file called thedatamodel.h that contains a subclass of QScxmlCppDataModel:

#include "qscxmlcppdatamodel.h"

class TheDataModel: public QScxmlCppDataModel
{
    Q_OBJECT
    Q_SCXML_DATAMODEL

QScxmlCppDataModel derives from QObject, so we add the Q_OBJECT macro in the private section of the definition, right after the opening bracket. We then place the Q_SCXML_DATAMODEL macro after Q_OBJECT. The macro expands to the declaration of virtual methods, the implementation of which is generated by the Qt SCXML compiler.

In the SCXML file, we specify C++ statements in the <script> element and use the expr attribute to access the data model:

    <state id="stopped">
        <transition event="tap" cond="isValidMedia()" target="playing"/>
    </state>

    <state id="playing">
        <onentry>
            <script>
                media = eventData().value(QStringLiteral(&quot;media&quot;)).toString();
            </script>
            <send event="playbackStarted">
                <param name="media" expr="media"/>
            </send>
        </onentry>

        <onexit>
            <send event="playbackStopped">
                <param name="media" expr="media"/>
            </send>
        </onexit>

        <transition event="tap" cond="!isValidMedia() || media == eventData().value(QStringLiteral(&quot;media&quot;))" target="stopped"/>
        <transition event="tap" cond="isValidMedia() &amp;&amp; media != eventData().value(QStringLiteral(&quot;media&quot;))" target="playing"/>
    </state>

The Qt SCXML compiler generates the various evaluateTo methods and converts the expressions and scripts into lambdas inside those methods in mediaplayer-cppdatamodel.cpp:

bool TheDataModel::evaluateToBool(QScxmlExecutableContent::EvaluatorId id, bool *ok) {
....
    return [this]()->bool{ return isValidMedia(); }();
....
}

QVariant TheDataModel::evaluateToVariant(QScxmlExecutableContent::EvaluatorId id, bool *ok) {
....
        return [this]()->QVariant{ return media; }();
....
}

void TheDataModel::evaluateToVoid(QScxmlExecutableContent::EvaluatorId id, bool *ok) {
....
        [this]()->void{ media = eventData().value(QStringLiteral("media")).toString(); }();
....
}

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