简单的HTTP服务器

关于如何搭建 HTTP 服务器的简单示例。

浏览器中显示的简单 HTTP 服务器输出

“简单 HTTP 服务器”演示了如何使用 `QHttpServer ` 类来搭建一个 HTTP 服务器。它监听两个套接字：一个 TCP 套接字和一个 SSL 套接字。通过设置不同的回调函数，演示了如何使用 `route()` 函数。

创建了一个QHttpServer 对象，一个简单的route()函数通过返回Hello world 来处理路径"/" ：

QCoreApplication app(argc, argv);

QHttpServer httpServer;
httpServer.route("/", []() {
    return "Hello world";
});

然后，我们注册一个回调函数，用于向客户端提供服务器的资源：

httpServer.route("/assets/<arg>", [] (const QUrl &url) {
    return QHttpServerResponse::fromFile(u":/assets/"_s + url.path());
});

在此处，我们使用QHttpServerRequest 对象来获取客户端的IP地址：

httpServer.route("/remote_address", [](const QHttpServerRequest &request) {
    return request.remoteAddress().toString();
});

对于其中一个路径"/auth" ，使用了基本 HTTP 身份验证：

httpServer.route("/auth", [](const QHttpServerRequest &request) {
    auto auth = request.value("authorization").simplified();

    if (auth.size() > 6 && auth.first(6).toLower() == "basic ") {
        auto token = auth.sliced(6);
        auto userPass = QByteArray::fromBase64(token);

        if (auto colon = userPass.indexOf(':'); colon > 0) {
            auto userId = userPass.first(colon);
            auto password = userPass.sliced(colon + 1);

            if (userId == "Aladdin" && password == "open sesame")
                return QHttpServerResponse("text/plain", "Success\n");
        }
    }
    QHttpServerResponse resp("text/plain", "Authentication required\n",
                             QHttpServerResponse::StatusCode::Unauthorized);
    auto h = resp.headers();
    h.append(QHttpHeaders::WellKnownHeader::WWWAuthenticate,
             R"(Basic realm="Simple example", charset="UTF-8")");
    resp.setHeaders(std::move(h));
    return std::move(resp);
});

然后，我们使用addAfterRequestHandler() 函数，在QHttpServerResponse 对象经过route() 注册的回调处理后，通过向响应中添加 HTTP 头来对其进行修改：

httpServer.addAfterRequestHandler(&httpServer, [](const QHttpServerRequest &, QHttpServerResponse &resp) {
    auto h = resp.headers();
    h.append(QHttpHeaders::WellKnownHeader::Server, "Qt HTTP Server");
    resp.setHeaders(std::move(h));
});

通过bind() 函数，将监听某个端口的QTcpServer 与 HTTP 服务器绑定：

autotcpserver=std::make_unique<QTcpServer>();
if(!tcpserver->listen()|| !httpServer.bind(tcpserver.get())) {
    qWarning() << QCoreApplication::translate("QHttpServerExample",
                                             "服务器无法在该端口上监听。");
    return-1;
}
quint16 port= tcpserver->serverPort();
tcpserver.release();

然后使用 `QSslConfiguration ` 为 `QHttpServer ` 创建 SSL 配置，以处理 HTTPS 流量：

QSslConfiguration conf=QSslConfiguration::defaultConfiguration();
const autosslCertificateChain=
        QSslCertificate::fromPath(QStringLiteral(":/assets/certificate.crt"));
if(sslCertificateChain.empty()) {
    qWarning() << QCoreApplication::translate("QHttpServerExample",
                                             "无法从文件中读取 SSL 证书。");
    return-1;
}
QFile privateKeyFile(QStringLiteral(":/assets/private.key"));
if(!privateKeyFile.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
    qWarning() << QCoreApplication::translate("QHttpServerExample",
                                             "无法以读取方式打开文件：%1")
                  .arg(privateKeyFile.errorString());
    return-1;
}

conf.setLocalCertificate(sslCertificateChain.front());
conf.setPrivateKey(QSslKey(&privateKeyFile,QSsl::Rsa));
conf.setAllowedNextProtocols({ QSslConfiguration::ALPNProtocolHTTP2 });// 添加对 HTTP/2 的支持

privateKeyFile.close();

autosslserver=std::make_unique<QSslServer>();
sslserver->setSslConfiguration(conf);
if(!sslserver->listen()|| !httpServer.bind(sslserver.get())) {
    qWarning() << QCoreApplication::translate("QHttpServerExample",
                                             "服务器无法在该端口上监听。");
    return-1;
}
quint16 sslPort= sslserver->serverPort();
sslserver.release();

一切配置完成后，剩下的就是开始处理传入的请求了：

return app.exec();

文件：

图片：

simple/assets/qt-logo.png

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