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SCXML 交通信号灯(简易版,QML)

一个Qt Quick 应用程序,它使用编译后的状态机来实现一个简化的交通信号灯。

交通信号灯亮起绿灯

“交通信号灯”演示了如何连接到已编译为类的状态机中某个状态的活动属性。

用户界面使用Qt Quick 创建。

运行示例

您可以通过以下方式运行该示例:

编译状态机

通过在示例的构建文件中添加以下几行代码,我们将程序与Qt SCXML 模块进行链接。

使用 qmake 时,在.pro文件中:
QT += qml scxml

然后指定要编译的状态机:

STATECHARTS = statemachine.scxml
使用 cmake 时在CMakeLists.txt中:
find_package(Qt6 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Core Gui Qml Scxml)
target_link_libraries(trafficlight-qml-simple PRIVATE
    Qt::Core
    Qt::Gui
    Qt::Qml
    Qt::Scxml
)

接着指定要编译的状态机:

qt6_add_statecharts(trafficlight-qml-simple
    statemachine.scxml
)

状态图指令STATECHARTS或qt6_add_statecharts会调用Qt SCXML 编译器(qscxmlc ),该编译器会自动运行以生成statemachine.h和statemachine.cpp,随后这些文件将作为头文件和源文件被恰当地添加到编译过程中。

实例化状态机

我们按以下方式实例化状态机:

    TrafficLightStateMachine {
        id: stateMachine
        running: true
    }

连接到状态

在 SCXML 文件中,我们为每盏灯指定了三种状态:红、黄和绿。在<onentry> 元素中,我们指定了进入该状态时要发送的事件,以及发送该事件前的延迟时间(以秒为单位)。在<transition> 元素中,我们指定了触发向由target 属性指定的状态过渡的事件:

        <state id="red">
            <onentry>
                <send event="startGoingGreen" delay="3s"/>
            </onentry>
            <transition event="startGoingGreen" target="redGoingGreen"/>
        </state>

        <state id="yellow" initial="greenGoingRed">
            <state id="redGoingGreen">
                <onentry>
                    <send event="goGreen" delay="1s"/>
                </onentry>
                <transition event="goGreen" target="green"/>
            </state>

            <state id="greenGoingRed">
                <onentry>
                    <send event="goRed" delay="1s"/>
                </onentry>
                <transition event="goRed" target="red"/>
            </state>
        </state>

        <state id="green">
            <onentry>
                <send event="startGoingRed" delay="3s"/>
            </onentry>
            <transition event="startGoingRed" target="greenGoingRed"/>
        </state>

我们按以下方式连接状态:

        Light {
            anchors.top: parent.top
            anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter
            color: "red"
            visible: stateMachine.red || stateMachine.redGoingGreen
        }

        Light {
            anchors.centerIn: parent
            color: "yellow"
            visible: stateMachine.yellow || stateMachine.blinking
        }

        Light {
            anchors.bottom: parent.bottom
            anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter
            color: "green"
            visible: stateMachine.green
        }
    }

示例项目 @ code.qt.io

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