SCXML 交通信号灯(静态、控件)
一个基于小部件的应用程序,它使用编译后的状态机来实现交通信号灯。

“交通信号灯示例(静态)”演示了如何连接到已编译为类的状态机中某个状态的活动属性。
用户界面使用Qt Widgets 创建。
运行示例
您可以通过以下方式运行该示例:
- Qt Creator
打开Welcome 模式,并从Examples 中选择该示例。有关更多信息,请参阅Qt Creator :教程:构建和运行。
- Qt Extension for Visual Studio Code
在Command Palette 中运行Qt: Open Qt examples 命令,并从列表中选择该示例。有关更多信息,请参阅Qt Extension for Visual Studio Code :教程:构建和运行。
编译状态机
通过在示例的构建文件中添加以下几行代码,将Qt SCXML 模块链接进来。
使用 qmake 时,在.pro文件中:
QT += qml scxml然后指定要编译的状态机:
STATECHARTS = statemachine.scxml使用 cmake 时,在CMakeLists.txt中:
find_package(Qt6 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Core Gui Qml Scxml)
target_link_libraries(trafficlight-qml-simple PRIVATE
Qt::Core
Qt::Gui
Qt::Qml
Qt::Scxml
)接着指定要编译的状态机:
qt6_add_statecharts(trafficlight-qml-simple
statemachine.scxml
)状态图指令STATECHARTS或qt6_add_statecharts会调用Qt SCXML 编译器(qscxmlc ),该编译器会自动运行以生成statemachine.h和statemachine.cpp 文件,随后这些文件将作为头文件和源文件被恰当地添加到编译过程中。
实例化状态机
我们在trafficlight-widgets-static.cpp文件中实例化生成的TrafficLightStateMachine 类,具体如下:
#include "statemachine.h"
#include "trafficlight.h"
#include <QtWidgets/qapplication.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
QApplication app(argc, argv);
TrafficLightStateMachine machine;
TrafficLight widget(&machine);
widget.show();
machine.start();
return app.exec();
}连接到状态
在 SCXML 文件中,我们为每个信号灯指定了状态:红、黄和绿。在 `<onentry> ` 元素中,我们指定了进入该状态时要发送的事件,以及发送事件前的延迟时间(以秒为单位)。在 `<transition> ` 元素中,我们指定了触发向由 `target ` 属性指定的状态过渡的事件:
<state id="red">
<onentry>
<send event="startGoingGreen" delay="3s"/>
</onentry>
<transition event="startGoingGreen" target="redGoingGreen"/>
</state>
<state id="yellow" initial="greenGoingRed">
<state id="redGoingGreen">
<onentry>
<send event="goGreen" delay="1s"/>
</onentry>
<transition event="goGreen" target="green"/>
</state>
<state id="greenGoingRed">
<onentry>
<send event="goRed" delay="1s"/>
</onentry>
<transition event="goRed" target="red"/>
</state>
</state>
<state id="green">
<onentry>
<send event="startGoingRed" delay="3s"/>
</onentry>
<transition event="startGoingRed" target="greenGoingRed"/>
</state>我们按以下方式连接状态:
machine->connectToState(u"red"_s, widget->redLight(), &LightWidget::switchLight);
machine->connectToState(u"redGoingGreen"_s, widget->redLight(), &LightWidget::switchLight);
machine->connectToState(u"yellow"_s, widget->yellowLight(), &LightWidget::switchLight);
machine->connectToState(u"blinking"_s, widget->yellowLight(), &LightWidget::switchLight);
machine->connectToState(u"green"_s, widget->greenLight(), &LightWidget::switchLight);© 2026 The Qt Company Ltd. Documentation contributions included herein are the copyrights of their respective owners. The documentation provided herein is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 as published by the Free Software Foundation. Qt and respective logos are trademarks of The Qt Company Ltd. in Finland and/or other countries worldwide. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.