Using .qrc Files (pyside6-rcc)

The Qt Resource System is a mechanism for storing binary files in an application.

The files will be embedded into the application and be acessible for the QFile class and the constructors of the QIcon and QPixmap classes taking a file name by using a special file name starting with :/.

The most common uses are for custom images, icons, fonts, among others.

In this tutorial you will learn how to load custom images as button icons.

For inspiration, we will try to adapt the multimedia player example from Qt.

As you can see on the following image, the QPushButton that are used for the media actions (play, pause, stop, and so on) are using the default icons meant for such actions.

You could make the application more attractive by designing the icons, but in case you don’t want to design them, download the following set and use them.

You can find more information about the rcc command, and .qrc file format, and the resource system in general in the Qt Resource System site.

The .qrc file

Before running any command, add information about the resources to a .qrc file. In the following example, notice how the resources are listed in icons.qrc

</ui>
<!DOCTYPE RCC><RCC version="1.0">
<qresource>
    <file>icons/play.png</file>
    <file>icons/pause.png</file>
    <file>icons/stop.png</file>
    <file>icons/previous.png</file>
    <file>icons/forward.png</file>
</qresource>
</RCC>

Generating a Python file

Now that the icons.qrc file is ready, use the pyside6-rcc tool to generate a Python class containing the binary information about the resources

To do this, we need to run:

pyside6-rcc icons.rc -o rc_icons.py

The -o option lets you specify the output filename, which is rc_icons.py in this case.

To use the generated file, add the following import at the top of your main Python file:

import rc_icons

Changes in the code

As you are modifying an existing example, you need to modify the following lines:

from PySide6.QtGui import QIcon, QKeySequence
playIcon = self.style().standardIcon(QStyle.SP_MediaPlay)
previousIcon = self.style().standardIcon(QStyle.SP_MediaSkipBackward)
pauseIcon = self.style().standardIcon(QStyle.SP_MediaPause)
nextIcon = self.style().standardIcon(QStyle.SP_MediaSkipForward)
stopIcon = self.style().standardIcon(QStyle.SP_MediaStop)

and replace them with the following:

from PySide6.QtGui import QIcon, QKeySequence, QPixmap
playIcon = QIcon(QPixmap(":/icons/play.png"))
previousIcon = QIcon(QPixmap(":/icons/previous.png"))
pauseIcon = QIcon(QPixmap(":/icons/pause.png"))
nextIcon = QIcon(QPixmap(":/icons/forward.png"))
stopIcon = QIcon(QPixmap(":/icons/stop.png"))

This ensures that the new icons are used instead of the default ones provided by the application theme. Notice that the lines are not consecutive, but are in different parts of the file.

After all your imports, add the following

import rc_icons

Now, the constructor of your class should look like this:

def __init__(self):
    super(MainWindow, self).__init__()

    self.playlist = QMediaPlaylist()
    self.player = QMediaPlayer()

    toolBar = QToolBar()
    self.addToolBar(toolBar)

    fileMenu = self.menuBar().addMenu("&File")
    openAction = QAction(QIcon.fromTheme("document-open"),
                         "&Open...", self, shortcut=QKeySequence.Open,
                         triggered=self.open)
    fileMenu.addAction(openAction)
    exitAction = QAction(QIcon.fromTheme("application-exit"), "E&xit",
                         self, shortcut="Ctrl+Q", triggered=self.close)
    fileMenu.addAction(exitAction)

    playMenu = self.menuBar().addMenu("&Play")
    playIcon = QIcon(QPixmap(":/icons/play.png"))
    self.playAction = toolBar.addAction(playIcon, "Play")
    self.playAction.triggered.connect(self.player.play)
    playMenu.addAction(self.playAction)

    previousIcon = QIcon(QPixmap(":/icons/previous.png"))
    self.previousAction = toolBar.addAction(previousIcon, "Previous")
    self.previousAction.triggered.connect(self.previousClicked)
    playMenu.addAction(self.previousAction)

    pauseIcon = QIcon(QPixmap(":/icons/pause.png"))
    self.pauseAction = toolBar.addAction(pauseIcon, "Pause")
    self.pauseAction.triggered.connect(self.player.pause)
    playMenu.addAction(self.pauseAction)

    nextIcon = QIcon(QPixmap(":/icons/forward.png"))
    self.nextAction = toolBar.addAction(nextIcon, "Next")
    self.nextAction.triggered.connect(self.playlist.next)
    playMenu.addAction(self.nextAction)

    stopIcon = QIcon(QPixmap(":/icons/stop.png"))
    self.stopAction = toolBar.addAction(stopIcon, "Stop")
    self.stopAction.triggered.connect(self.player.stop)
    playMenu.addAction(self.stopAction)

    # many lines were omitted

Executing the example

Run the application by calling python main.py to checkout the new icon-set: