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Modbus 客户端

该示例实现了一个 Modbus 客户端应用程序。

该示例作为 Modbus 客户端，通过串行端口或 TCP 发送 Modbus 请求。所示对话框允许定义标准请求，并显示收到的响应。

该示例必须与Modbus 服务器示例或通过 TCP 或串行端口连接的其他 Modbus 设备配合使用。

本示例中使用的关键类：

Modbus 客户端，包含连接设置、读/写部分，以及显示寄存器地址和十六进制值的返回结果

创建 QModbusClient

要进行任何通信，都需要一个QModbusClient 实例。根据指定的连接类型，本示例可以实例化QModbusRtuSerialClient （用于串行通信）或QModbusTcpClient （用于基于TCP的通信）。

    auto type = static_cast<ModbusConnection>(index);
    if (type == Serial) {
#if QT_CONFIG(modbus_serialport)
        modbusDevice = new QModbusRtuSerialClient(this);
        // Try to fill in the first available serial port name if the line edit
        // is empty, or contains a url (assume that ':' is only a part of url).
        const auto ports = QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts();
        const auto currentText = ui->portEdit->text();
        if (!ports.isEmpty() && (currentText.isEmpty() || currentText.contains(u':')))
            ui->portEdit->setText(ports.front().portName());
#endif
    } else if (type == Tcp) {
        modbusDevice = new QModbusTcpClient(this);
        const QUrl currentUrl = QUrl::fromUserInput(ui->portEdit->text());
        // Check if we already have <ip address>:<port>
        if (currentUrl.port() <= 0)
            ui->portEdit->setText(QLatin1String("127.0.0.1:50200"));
    }

创建客户端后，使用setConnectionParameter() 方法指定连接参数。参数因通信类型而异：

        const auto settings = m_settingsDialog->settings();
        if (static_cast<ModbusConnection>(ui->connectType->currentIndex()) == Serial) {
            modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialPortNameParameter,
                ui->portEdit->text());
#if QT_CONFIG(modbus_serialport)
            modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialParityParameter,
                settings.parity);
            modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialBaudRateParameter,
                settings.baud);
            modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialDataBitsParameter,
                settings.dataBits);
            modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialStopBitsParameter,
                settings.stopBits);
#endif
        } else {
            const QUrl url = QUrl::fromUserInput(ui->portEdit->text());
            modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::NetworkPortParameter, url.port());
            modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::NetworkAddressParameter, url.host());
        }
        modbusDevice->setTimeout(settings.responseTime);
        modbusDevice->setNumberOfRetries(settings.numberOfRetries);

创建客户端并指定所有参数后，使用QModbusClient::connectDevice() 方法连接到 Modbus 网络。

读取数据

要从 Modbus 服务器读取数据，客户端需要指定服务器地址以及要读取的对象参数：

对象参数由QModbusDataUnit 类表示：

QModbusDataUnit MainWindow::readRequest() const
{
    const auto table = ui->writeTable->currentData().value<QModbusDataUnit::RegisterType>();

    int startAddress = ui->readAddress->value();
    Q_ASSERT(startAddress >= 0 && startAddress < 10);

    // do not go beyond 10 entries
    quint16 numberOfEntries = qMin(ui->readSize->currentText().toUShort(),
                                   quint16(10 - startAddress));
    return QModbusDataUnit(table, startAddress, numberOfEntries);
}

收集完参数后，使用sendReadRequest() 方法发送实际请求。该方法返回一个QModbusReply ，应以异步方式处理，因此使用QModbusReply::finished() 信号来检查响应何时准备就绪。

    if (auto *reply = modbusDevice->sendReadRequest(readRequest(), ui->serverEdit->value())) {
        if (!reply->isFinished())
            connect(reply, &QModbusReply::finished, this, &MainWindow::onReadReady);
        else
            delete reply; // broadcast replies return immediately
    } else {
        statusBar()->showMessage(tr("Read error: %1").arg(modbusDevice->errorString()), 5000);
    }

收到QModbusReply::finished()信号后，即可使用回复对象获取数据或检查读取错误：

void MainWindow::onReadReady()
{
    auto reply = qobject_cast<QModbusReply *>(sender());
    if (!reply)
        return;

    if (reply->error() == QModbusDevice::NoError) {
        const QModbusDataUnit unit = reply->result();
        for (qsizetype i = 0, total = unit.valueCount(); i < total; ++i) {
            const QString entry = tr("Address: %1, Value: %2").arg(unit.startAddress() + i)
                                     .arg(QString::number(unit.value(i),
                                          unit.registerType() <= QModbusDataUnit::Coils ? 10 : 16));
            ui->readValue->addItem(entry);
        }
    } else if (reply->error() == QModbusDevice::ProtocolError) {
        statusBar()->showMessage(tr("Read response error: %1 (Modbus exception: 0x%2)").
                                    arg(reply->errorString()).
                                    arg(reply->rawResult().exceptionCode(), -1, 16), 5000);
    } else {
        statusBar()->showMessage(tr("Read response error: %1 (code: 0x%2)").
                                    arg(reply->errorString()).
                                    arg(reply->error(), -1, 16), 5000);
    }

    reply->deleteLater();
}

写入数据

要将数据写入 Modbus 服务器，客户端需要指定服务器地址以及要写入的对象参数。与读取数据一样，使用QModbusDataUnit 类来表示待写入数据的相关信息。此时，数据还包括所需的values 。使用sendWriteRequest() 方法来写入所需数据：

    QModbusDataUnit writeUnit = writeRequest();
    QModbusDataUnit::RegisterType table = writeUnit.registerType();
    for (qsizetype i = 0, total = writeUnit.valueCount(); i < total; ++i) {
        const auto addr = i + writeUnit.startAddress();
        if (table == QModbusDataUnit::Coils)
            writeUnit.setValue(i, writeModel->m_coils[addr]);
        else
            writeUnit.setValue(i, writeModel->m_holdingRegisters[addr]);
    }

    if (auto *reply = modbusDevice->sendWriteRequest(writeUnit, ui->serverEdit->value())) {
        if (!reply->isFinished()) {
            connect(reply, &QModbusReply::finished, this, [this, reply]() {
                const auto error = reply->error();
                if (error == QModbusDevice::ProtocolError) {
                    statusBar()->showMessage(tr("Write response error: %1 (Modbus exception: 0x%2)")
                        .arg(reply->errorString()).arg(reply->rawResult().exceptionCode(), -1, 16),
                        5000);
                } else if (error != QModbusDevice::NoError) {
                    statusBar()->showMessage(tr("Write response error: %1 (code: 0x%2)").
                        arg(reply->errorString()).arg(error, -1, 16), 5000);
                }
                reply->deleteLater();
            });
        } else {
            // broadcast replies return immediately
            reply->deleteLater();
        }
    } else {
        statusBar()->showMessage(tr("Write error: %1").arg(modbusDevice->errorString()), 5000);
    }

与读取数据一样，使用返回的QModbusReply 对象来检查写入错误。

运行示例

您可以从以下位置运行示例：

示例项目 @ code.qt.io

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